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About the 1936 Exhibition Collection

The British School at Athens celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1936 with a large public exhibition at Burlington House at the Royal Academy of Arts in London. The exhibition, British Archaeological Discoveries in Greece and Crete 1886-1936, consisted of a special display of Minoan culture related to the discoveries at Knossos by Sir Arthur Evans as well as the excavations of the School including: Phylakopi, Kamares Cave, Palaikastro, Mycenae, Sparta, Perachora, Thessaly, Macedonia, Lesbos, Cyprus, Ithaca, and Megalopolis (Arcadia). It also included displays of Travels and Studies in Greece and Asia Minor, the Genose in the Levant, Monasteries in Athos, Byzantine Music, Byzantine Architecture and Decorative Arts, Greek Island Embroideries, Special Studies of Greek Pottery and Sculpture, Restoration of Ancient Monuments, Studies of Modern Greek Life and the School buildings and officers.

Since original ancient artifacts could not be transported to the exhibition in London, the displays consisted of replicas of ancient artifacts, modern ethnographic artifacts and illustrative panels with original watercolour drawings, many of which were done by Émile Gilliéron and Piet de Jong, and photographs.

The 1936 Exhibition Collection contains the surviving panels with original artwork from this exhibition.

1936 Exhibition Collection [1936], Fonds, 1936 Exhibition Collection, 1887-1936

The collection contains panels made out of board or paper, some of which were wall-mounted, as part of the BSA 50th anniversary exhibtion in 1936 at Burlington House, London. The panels are made up of black-and-white photographs, original ink and watercolour illustrations, and some prints. There were also two photo albums specially made for the exhibition.

East Room [1936/1], Series, East Room

This series contains 5 sub-series based on the divisions of the room according to the exhibition catalogue: Phylakopi, Kamares, Palaikastro, Mycenae, and Sparta.

Phylakopi [1936/1/1], Sub-series, Phylakopi

The items in this section of the exhibition were numbered 1-70, with no 19 or 20. Items 21-70 were physical objects which are no longer in the possession of the BSA. Items 2-5 and 13 are missing from the BSA's collection

1: Geometric Ornament and Polychrome Designs [1936/1/1/1], 1: Geometric Ornament and Polychrome Designs

Card base with eight images of pottery/fragments: one black and white photograph, two watercolour illustrations, and five black and white ink illustrations. The number 1 is pasted in the bottom left corner, and each image is labelled with pasted letters a-h. A darker line divides the top two images from the lower six. A blank rectangle with cut-off corners is pasted to the right of the letter f. To the right of image b (1936/01/01/01/02) is a later annotation in biro giving a bibliographic reference. The original description in the catalogue reads: "a-b Geometric ornament on Early Cycladic Jars containing burials of children; found within the houses: compare Case A 30-35. c-h Polychrome designs on vases of 'Kamáres' style (Middle Minoan: cf. 51, 52) imported from Crete to Melos about 1800 B.C.: white enhanced with other colours, on black slip: the enlarged design (13) is from vase (g): compare original fragments, Case A 67."

1a: Geometric Ornament [1936/1/1/1/1], Sub-item, 1a: Geometric Ornament

A photograph of two jars with geometric patterns. Cracks are visible, indicating these have been reassembled from fragments. In the photo next to the jars are the labels "168" and "65". The original description in the catalogue reads: "Geometric ornament on Early Cycladic Jars containing burials of children."

1b: Geometric Ornament [1936/1/1/1/2], Sub-item, 1b: Geometric Ornament

An illustration of an jar lying on the ground, cracked and showing its content. This was presumably a drawing of where it was excavated. "Geometric ornament on Early Cycladic Jars containing burials of children."

1c: Polychrome Designs [1936/1/1/1/3], Sub-item, 1c: Polychrome Designs

An illustration of a fragment of a patterned vase. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Polychrome designs on vases of 'Kamáres' style (Middle Minoan: cf. 51, 52) imported from Crete to Melos about 1800 B.C.: white enhanced with other colours, on black slip."

1d: Polychrome Designs [1936/1/1/1/4], Sub-item, 1d: Polychrome Designs

An illustration of a vase with a repeating design. Some parts are shaded with ink and lines while some are left with just the outlines of patterns: this indicates which fragments they had at the time of illustration. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Polychrome designs on vases of 'Kamáres' style (Middle Minoan: cf. 51, 52) imported from Crete to Melos about 1800 B.C.: white enhanced with other colours, on black slip."

1e: Polychrome Designs [1936/1/1/1/5], Sub-item, 1e: Polychrome Designs

An illustration of a vase with a floral motif. Some parts are shaded with ink and lines while some are left with just the outlines of patterns: this indicates which fragments they had at the time of illustration. The lower two corners are angled, suggesting this was cut from something else to be used here. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Polychrome designs on vases of 'Kamáres' style (Middle Minoan: cf. 51, 52) imported from Crete to Melos about 1800 B.C.: white enhanced with other colours, on black slip."

1f: Polychrome Designs [1936/1/1/1/6], Sub-item, 1f: Polychrome Designs

A watercolour illustration of a vase in red-brown with zigzagged white lines running down it. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Polychrome designs on vases of 'Kamáres' style (Middle Minoan: cf. 51, 52) imported from Crete to Melos about 1800 B.C.: white enhanced with other colours, on black slip."

1g: Polychrome Designs [1936/1/1/1/7], Sub-item, 1g: Polychrome Designs

An illustration of a vase with a large flower on it. Some parts are shaded with ink and lines while some are left with just the outlines of patterns: this indicates which fragments they had at the time of illustration. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Polychrome designs on vases of 'Kamáres' style (Middle Minoan: cf. 51, 52) imported from Crete to Melos about 1800 B.C.: white enhanced with other colours, on black slip."

1h: Polychrome Designs [1936/1/1/1/8], Sub-item, 1h: Polychrome Designs

A watercolour illustration of a vase in red-brown with a white wave pattern. The handles are a paler colour, which may indicate these were not parts of the original fragments found but added to complete the vase before painting or imagined by the artist. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Polychrome designs on vases of 'Kamáres' style (Middle Minoan: cf. 51, 52) imported from Crete to Melos about 1800 B.C.: white enhanced with other colours, on black slip."

6: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2], 6: Naturalistic Designs

Card base with eight images of pottery/fragments: four watercolour illustrations, two black and white ink illustrations, and two black and white photographs. The number 6 is pasted in the bottom left corner, and each image is labelled in pencil a-h. To the right of images b, c, d, and e (1936/01/01/02/02-05), and under image h (1936/01/01/02/08) are later annotations in biro giving bibliographic references. A faint line is visible dividing the paper in half vertically. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery, dated by the Polychrome imports (1c-h) above: black, enhanced with red, on buff: compare Case A 36-38. Note the frequent crocus and grasses; the daisy-bowl; the geese among marsh-plants (7e) and flowers (7f); the flying swallow; and the varied uses of spiral ornament."

6a: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2/1], Sub-item, 6a: Naturalistic Designs

An illustration of a vase with a red and black vine pattern. This image has been cut from something else directly around it's edges, rather than leaving a rectangle of space around it. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery...: black, enhanced with red, on buff."

6b: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2/2], Sub-item, 6b: Naturalistic Designs

An illustration of a vase with red and black paint on it. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery...: black, enhanced with red, on buff."

6c: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2/3], Sub-item, 6c: Naturalistic Designs

An illustration of a fragment of pottery with a black and white fish/bird on it. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery...: black, enhanced with red, on buff."

6d: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2/4], Sub-item, 6d: Naturalistic Designs

An illustration of a vase with a floral pattern. Some parts are shaded with ink and lines while some are left with just the outlines of patterns: this indicates which fragments they had at the time of illustration. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery...: black, enhanced with red, on buff."

6e: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2/5], Sub-item, 6e: Naturalistic Designs

An illustration of a vase with a floral pattern. Some parts are shaded with ink while some are left with just the outlines of patterns: this indicates which fragments they had at the time of illustration. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery...: black, enhanced with red, on buff."

6f: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2/6], Sub-item, 6f: Naturalistic Designs

A photograph of a jar with a vine pattern on it. It is largely in one piece, though parts of the rim are missing. In the photograph is a label with the number "40". The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery...: black, enhanced with red, on buff."

6g: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2/7], Sub-item, 6g: Naturalistic Designs

A photograph of a fragment of a vase with floral pattern. It has been reconstructed from several fragments. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery...: black, enhanced with red, on buff."

6h: Naturalistic Designs [1936/1/1/2/8], Sub-item, 6h: Naturalistic Designs

An illustration of a vase with brown flowers on it. It has been stuck to base of much thicker card, which has then been attached to the base of this exhibit. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Naturalistic designs, mostly floral, on Middle Cycladic pottery...: black, enhanced with red, on buff."

7: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3], 7: Conventional Designs

Card base with nine images of pottery/fragments: four watercolour illustrations, two black and white ink illustrations, and three black and white photographs. The number 7 is pasted in the bottom left corner, and each image is labelled with pasted letters a-i. A darker line divides the top six images from the lower three. Underneath images b and d (1936/01/01/03/02 & 05) and to the right of images e and f (1936/01/01/02/04 & 06) are later annotation in biro giving bibliographic references. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles a-d are native imitations in local clay: g-i, genuine L.M. II vases imported from Crete or the Mycenaean Mainland of Greece. e, f belong to the naturalistic group (6) above. These derivations of the naturalistic designs (6, above) supersede the local Cycladic style about 1500 B.C., and are characteristic of the early part of the Third Settlement of Phylakopi."

7a: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/1], Sub-item, 7a: Conventional Designs

An illustration of a vase with a pattern of swirls in several colours on it. Several sections are a paler colour, which may indicate these were not parts of the original fragments found but added to complete the vase before painting or imagined by the artist. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles a-d are native imitations in local clay."

7b: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/2], Sub-item, 7b: Conventional Designs

An illustration of a vase with patterns made of thick red lines. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles a-d are native imitations in local clay."

7c: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/3], Sub-item, 7c: Conventional Designs

An illustration of a vase with a pattern in several colours on it. Several sections are a paler colour, which may indicate these were not parts of the original fragments found but added to complete the vase before painting or imagined by the artist. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles a-d are native imitations in local clay."

7e: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/4], Sub-item, 7e: Conventional Designs

An illustration of a fragment of pottery, showing the head of a bird. Different colours are suggested by the textures of the ink. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles ... e, f belong to the naturalistic group (6) above. These derivations of the naturalistic designs (6, above) supersede the local Cycladic style about 1500 B.C., and are characteristic of the early part of the Third Settlement of Phylakopi."

7d: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/5], Sub-item, 7d: Conventional Designs

An illustration of a vase with two handles and a spout, with a pattern in several colours on it. Several sections are a paler colour, which may indicate these were not parts of the original fragments found but added to complete the vase before painting or imagined by the artist. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles a-d are native imitations in local clay."

7f: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/6], Sub-item, 7f: Conventional Designs

An illustration of a fragment of pottery showing a floral design. Different colours are suggested by the textures of the ink. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles ... e, f belong to the naturalistic group (6) above. These derivations of the naturalistic designs (6, above) supersede the local Cycladic style about 1500 B.C., and are characteristic of the early part of the Third Settlement of Phylakopi."

7g: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/7], Sub-item, 7g: Conventional Designs

A photograph showing the top of a vase. There are several large cracks in the vase and some pieces missing. The pattern shows octopuses and seaweed. In the photograph is a label with the number "37", and three and a half centimetres of a ruler. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles ... g-i, genuine L.M. II vases imported from Crete or the Mycenaean Mainland of Greece."

7h: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/8], Sub-item, 7h: Conventional Designs

A photograph of a jar with a floral pattern on it. There are several cracks in it and parts of the rim are missing. In the photograph is a label with the number "18", and three centimetres of a ruler. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles ... g-i, genuine L.M. II vases imported from Crete or the Mycenaean Mainland of Greece."

7i: Conventional Designs [1936/1/1/3/9], Sub-item, 7i: Conventional Designs

A photograph of a jar with a pattern of lines and dots on it. There are several cracks in it and one section, paler than the rest, is probably a reconstruction of a missing section. In the photograph is a label with the number "163", and six and a half centimetres of a ruler. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Conventional designs on vases of Late Minoan I and II styles ... g-i, genuine L.M. II vases imported from Crete or the Mycenaean Mainland of Greece."

8: Fisherman, Bronze Statuette, Impression of Basketry [1936/1/1/4], 8: Fisherman, Bronze Statuette, Impression of Basketry

Card base with six black and white photographs. The number 8 is pasted in the lower and upper left corners, and three of the images are labelled with the pasted letters a-c. Beneath 1936/01/01/04/01, 02, and 04, and to the right of 1936/01/01/04/03 are later annotations in biro giving bibliographic references. The original description in the catalogue reads: "8a Fisherman, naively portrayed in black and red on buff; one of a procession: contrast the vigorous naturalism of his two fishes and great eye, with the childish rendering of head and limbs. 8b Bronze statuette, recalling the earlier marble figures in Early Cycladic graves, but influenced by Cretan bronzes, and perhaps imported. 8c Impressions of basketry, on which potters set out clay vessels to dry; a glimpse of another domestic art, otherwise vanished. Other pots were set out on leaves of trees which can be recognised; compare original examples Case A 5, 24."

8a: Fisherman [1936/1/1/4/1], Sub-item, 8a: Fisherman

A photograph of a vase showing a man with a large eye holding a fish in each hand. There is a further spotted pattern below him. The original description in the catalogue reads: "8a Fisherman, naively portrayed in black and red on buff; one of a procession: contrast the vigorous naturalism of his two fishes and great eye, with the childish rendering of head and limbs."

8c: Impressions of Basketry [1936/1/1/4/2], Sub-item, 8c: Impressions of Basketry

A photograph of nine clay plates which have dried into them the impressions of woven baskets. The original description in the catalogue reads: "8c Impressions of basketry, on which potters set out clay vessels to dry; a glimpse of another domestic art, otherwise vanished."

8b: Bronze Statuette [1936/1/1/4/3], Sub-item, 8b: Bronze Statuette

A photograph of bronze statuette, seen from the front. There is some erosion of the lower half of the statuette. The original description in the catalogue reads: "8b Bronze statuette, recalling the earlier marble figures in Early Cycladic graves, but influenced by Cretan bronzes, and perhaps imported."

8: Unpainted clay idol or horns of consecration [1936/1/1/4/4], Sub-item, 8: Unpainted clay idol or horns of consecration

A photograph of a clay vessel which has two horn-like protrusions sticking out of either side, as well as a raised section at the top. There is a pattern similar to upside-down scales.

8: Carved stone lamp [1936/1/1/4/5], Sub-item, 8: Carved stone lamp

A photograph of the inside and top rim of a stone object. The rim has seven swirls on either side, and a gap at the top and bottom. In the lower gap there is a label, upside down, which reads "4921"

8: Carved stone lamp [1936/1/1/4/6], Sub-item, 8: Carved stone lamp

A photograph of the side of a stone object. A swirled pattern is visible on the wide rim, with the edge dipping further down at either end.

9: The Fortress Wall and Roman Mosaic [1936/1/1/5], 9: The Fortress Wall and Roman Mosaic

Card base with two black and white photographs. The number 9 is pasted in the lower (partly torn) and upper left corners, and the images are labelled with the pasted letters a-b. The original description in the catalogue reads: "9a The fortress wall of The Third Settlement, reconstructed on the remains of the First Wall. 9b [Roman mosaic in a house of the classical city of Melos.]"

9a: The Fortress Wall [1936/1/1/5/1], Sub-item, 9a: The Fortress Wall

A photograph showing an ancient wall from the foreground right to the background left, with a man standing with one hand on the wall in the background. The photograph is pasted to a thick card base, which in turn is pasted onto the base of this exhibit. The original description in the catalogue reads: "9a The fortress wall of The Third Settlement, reconstructed on the remains of the First Wall."

9b: Roman Mosaic [1936/1/1/5/2], Sub-item, 9b: Roman Mosaic

A photograph showing a mosaic with the remains of some walls and pillars around it. A woman is stood on the mosaic to the left of the image, while a man is sitting down sketching in the lower right corner. The photograph is pasted to a thick card base, which is turn is pasted onto the base of this exhibit. The original description in the catalogue reads: "9b [Roman mosaic in a house of the classical city of Melos.]"

10: View of the Prehistoric Settlement [1936/1/1/6], 10: View of the Prehistoric Settlement

Card base with one black and white photograph. The number 10 is pasted in the lower and upper left corners. The original description in the catalogue reads: "View of the prehistoric settlement, after excavation, above the beach on the left."

10: View of the Prehistoric Settlement [1936/1/1/6/1], Sub-item, 10: View of the Prehistoric Settlement

A photograph showing a bay surrounded by rocky outcrops and a pebble beach. On the rocks on the left side some walls are visible. The photograph is pasted to a thick card base, which in turn is pasted onto the base of this exhibit. The original description in the catalogue reads: "View of the prehistoric settlement, after excavation, above the beach on the left."

11: Flocks Returning at Evening and The Bathing Cove below the Prehistoric Site [1936/1/1/7], 11: Flocks Returning at Evening and The Bathing Cove below the Prehistoric Site

Card base with two black and white photographs. The number 11 is pasted in the lower and upper left corners, and the letters a and b below the images. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Flocks returning at evening (a) to the modern village, as they returned in Early Cycladic times. Clay oxen and pigs, and bones of domestic animals, fish, triton-shells and limpets were found in the early houses. b. The bathing cove below the prehistoric site; part of the primitive harbour."

11a: Flocks Returning at Evening [1936/1/1/7/1], Sub-item, 11a: Flocks Returning at Evening

A photograph showing a flock of sheep travelling down a hill road from background right to foreground left. Behind the road is a hill, in front is the remains of a wall. The photograph is pasted to a thick card base, which in turn is pasted onto the base of this exhibit. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Flocks returning at evening (a) to the modern village, as they returned in Early Cycladic times. Clay oxen and pigs, and bones of domestic animals, fish, triton-shells and limpets were found in the early houses."

11b: The Bathing Cove below the Prehistoric Site [1936/1/1/7/2], Sub-item, 11b: The Bathing Cove below the Prehistoric Site

A photograph showing a body of water surrounded on the three visible sides by tall rocks, with a hole in one leading through to the rest of the water. The photograph is pasted to a thick card base, which in turn is pasted onto the base of this exhibit. The original description in the catalogue reads: "b. The bathing cove below the prehistoric site; part of the primitive harbour."

12: Wall Paintings; Ivory Signet Ring [1936/1/1/8], 12: Wall Paintings; Ivory Signet Ring

Card base with three illustrations attached. The number 12 is pasted in the lower and upper left corners, and the images are labelled with the pasted letters b, c, and a. To the right of image b (1936/01/01/08/01), and below the other two images, are later annotations in biro giving bibliographic references. The original description in the catalogue reads: "Ivory signet ring (a), illustrating religious ritual: a woman in a flounced skirt worships at a horned altar, among palm-like foliage: subject and style are alike reminiscent of Minoan Crete. Wall-paintings: (b) a seated man in Minoan dress and bracelets raises a drapery with one hand; his nails are stained red. c Design of lilies, reconstructed by Theodore Fyfe."

12b: Wall Paintings [1936/1/1/8/1], Sub-item, 12b: Wall Paintings

A watercolour illustration of fresco fragments showing what appears to be a seated or kneeling person holding a piece of textile. The original description in the catalogue reads: "(b) a seated man in Minoan dress and bracelets raises a drapery with one hand; his nails are stained red."

12c: Wall Paintings [1936/1/1/8/2], Sub-item, 12c: Wall Paintings

A black-and white watercolour illustration of four lilies in a repeating motif, with plain bands beneath. The original description in the catalogue reads: "c Design of lilies, reconstructed by Theodore Fyfe."

12a: Ivory Signet Ring [1936/1/1/8/3], Sub-item, 12a: Ivory Signet Ring

An ink illustration of the front and side view of a ring, the front shows a woman with a large skirt in front of an altar with some fern-like plants behind her. Underneath the side view is written "2/1". The original description in the catalogue reads: "Ivory signet ring (a), illustrating religious ritual: a woman in a flounced skirt worships at a horned altar, among palm-like foliage: subject and style are alike reminiscent of Minoan Crete."